Our recognition of the human history in Asia, which started about two million years ago with the emergence of primitive forms of Homo, has changed significantly due to recent advances in research. Surprising discoveries of small-bodied archaic Homo species about one-meter tall was reported from Indonesia in 2004, and then from the Philippines in 2019. Furthermore, genetic evidence for the spread of Neanderthals to Siberia and the presence of another archaic group of humans called Denisovans, were reported, adding to the emerging recognition that diverse archaic humans once inhabited various parts of Asia until around 50,000 years ago. However, they had disappeared around the time Homo sapiens dispersed into the region from Africa. This our species expanded far beyond the distribution range of the preceding archaic humans to step into cold regions and oceanic islands. In this long history, there lies some keys for essential questions about human beings, such as the major differences between archaic humans and us, and the nature of human diversity. With such recognition, I will introduce the current state of human history research in Asia.